1. The ignorance of top management assumes that people down the ladder are incapable of understanding its problems.

2. The ignorance of the people in the trenches usually means they have no idea why managers do what the do and chalk up every mistake in the organization to a combination of greed and stupidity.

3. The ignorance of middle management means they are continually torn between the demands of top management and those of the work force. This is the most difficult roll in any organization because they have to please two masters. If they side with their people, they’re against top management. If they side with top management, they’re in conflict with the work force. Consequently, they can never please themselves.